化妆品产品技术,化妆品原料成分,化妆品会议展览,化妆品法规标准,化妆品人物

化妆品（彩妆）是除简单的清洁用品以外，被用来提升人体美丽程度的物质。化妆品的使用相当普遍，特别是在有一定经济基础的女性当中。目前，化妆品的大部分市场份额已被为数不多的跨国公司占领，这些公司往往起源于20世纪上中叶。
在日本，艺妓们用碾碎的红花花瓣做成口红，涂抹眉毛、眼线和嘴唇，同时用一种比相扑力士用的发蜡更软的蜡充当粉底；白色的颜料和粉用来涂面部和背部，胭脂用来勾勒眼窝和鼻子。在歌舞伎（艺妓学徒）的出师典礼上，她们用黑色燃料把牙齿涂黑。
世界十大品牌化妆品排名
1、法国欧莱雅公司（L`Oreal Groug） 　
　 2、英国联合利华（Unilever）
　　 3、美国宝洁公司（The Procter & Gamble Co） 　
　 4、日本资生堂（Shiseido Co Ltd） 　
　 5、美国雅诗兰黛（Estee Lauder Cos Inc） 　
　 6、美国雅芳公司（Avon Products Inc） 　
　 7、美国强生公司（Johnson & Johnson） 　
　 8、德国威娜公司（Wella Group） 　
　 9、日本花王公司（KAO corp） 　
　 10、美国露华浓公司（Revlon Inc）

What causes wrinkles?
Although people may have a genetic predisposition to severe wrinkling, it is known that sun exposure promotes and exacerbates wrinkling of the skin. Smoking may also negatively affect the skin.
Ageing Process
As a person ages, skin cells divide more slowly, and the inner skin, or dermis, starts to thin. Fat cells beneath the dermis begin to atrophy, and the underlying network of elastin and collagen fibres, which provides scaffolding for the surface layers, loosens and unravels. Skin loses its elasticity; when pressed, it no longer springs back to its initial position but instead sags and forms furrows. The skin's ability to retain moisture diminishes; the sweat and oil-secreting glands atrophy, depriving the skin of their protective water-lipid emulsions. As a consequence, the skin becomes dry and scaly. In addition, the ability of the skin to repair itself diminishes with age, so wounds are slower to heal.
Frown lines (those between the eyebrows) and crow's feet (lines that radiate from the corners of the eyes) appear to develop because of persistent small muscle contractions. Habitual facial expressions also form characteristic lines, contributing to the formation of jowls and drooping eyelids. Skin loses its elasticity. When pressed, it no longer springs back to its initial position but instead sags and forms furrows. The sweat- and oil-secreting glands atrophy, depriving the skin of their protective water-lipid emulsions. The skin's ability to retain moisture then diminishes and it becomes dry and scaly. Frown lines (those between the eyebrows) and crow's feet (lines that radiate from the corners of the eyes) appear to develop because of permanent small muscle contractions. Habitual facial expressions also form characteristic lines. Gravity exacerbates the situation, contributing to the formation of jowls and drooping eyelids. (Eyebrows, surprisingly, move up as a person ages, possibly because of forehead wrinkles.)
Sun Damage (Photoageing)
The skin can also age prematurely as a result of prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation emanating from the sun (called extrinsic or photoageing). The role of the sun cannot be overestimated as the most important cause of ageing skin and skin cancers. Overall, exposure to ultraviolet (referred to as UVA or UVB) radiation from sunlight accounts for about 90% of the symptoms of premature skin ageing, and most of these effects occur by age 20. Both UVA and UVB rays cause damage leading to wrinkles, lower immunity against infection, ageing skin disorders, and cancer. Even small amounts of UV radiation damage collagen fibres (the major structural protein in the skin) and cause accumulation of abnormal elastin (the protein that causes tissue to stretch). During the process, large amounts of enzymes called metalloproteinases are produced. The normal function of these enzymes is to remodel the sun-injured tissue by synthesising and reforming collagen. This is an imperfect process, however, and to achieve it, some of these enzymes actually degrade collagen. The result is an uneven formation (matrix) of disorganised collagen fibres called solar scars. If this process of imperfect skin rebuilding occurs over and over, wrinkles result. Sunlight damages collagen fibers (the major structural protein in the skin) and causes accumulation of abnormal elastin (the protein that causes tissue to stretch). In response to this sun-induced elastin accumulation, large amounts of enzymes called metalloproteinases are produced. (One study indicated that when people with light to moderate skin color are exposed to sunlight for just five to 15 minutes, metalloproteinases remain elevated for about a week.) The normal function of these metalloproteinases is generally positive, to remodel the sun-injured tissue by manufacturing and reforming collagen. (They may even have factors that protect against melanoma, although this is not clear.)
Other Factors
Other environmental factors, including cigarette smoke and pollution, particularly ozone, may hasten ageing by producing oxygen-free radicals. These are particles produced by many of the body's normal chemical processes; in excessive amounts they can damage cell membranes and interact with genetic material, possibly contributing to the development of a number of skin disorders, including wrinkles and, more importantly, cancer. Rapid weight loss can also cause wrinkles by reducing the volume of fat cells that cushion the face. This not only makes a person look gaunt, but can cause the skin to sag. Air pollution. Ozone, a common air pollutant, may be a particular problem for the skin. One study reported that it might deplete the amount of vitamin E in the skin; this vitamin is an important anti oxidant. Rapid weight loss can also cause wrinkles by reducing the volume of fat cells that cushion the face. This not only makes a person look gaunt, but can cause the skin to sag.